WEBVTT

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[quvnoq musiqa sadosi]

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Iqtisodiy lug'at

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Tekinxo'rlik muammosi nima?

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– «Tekinxo'rlik muammosi» nima?

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Hammamizga tanish bo'lgan misolni olaylik.

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Deylik, sinf vazifasi berilgan.

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Doim shunaqa bir talaba chiqadiki,
o'zi birorta ish bajarmay,

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sizdek baho oladi.

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Ushbu holatga «tekinxo'rlik muammosi» deyiladi.

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Bu tushunchadan mahsulot yoki
xizmat harajatini to'lamay,

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uning manfaatini oladigan
holatni izohlashda foydalaniladi.

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Misolimiz e'tiborga arzigulikka o'xshamaydi,

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keling, jiddiyroq misol olaylik:
asteroiddan himoya,

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ya'ni, Yerimizni asteroiddan
himoya qilish.

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Asteroidning Yer shariga urilishining
ehtimoli kichik bo'lsa ham,

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uning oqibati halokatli bo'lishi mumkin.

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Shu sababli, asteroid himoyasi uchun
siz pul to'lar edingizmi?

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Keling, batafsil o'ylab ko'raylik.

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Birinchidan, asteroid himoyasi

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butun Yer sharini himoya qiladi,

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demak, aynan siz
pul to'lamasangiz ham,

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baribir himoyalangan bo'lasiz.

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Ikkinchidan, sizning to'lovingiz

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himoyaning muvaffaqiyatli
yoki muvaffaqiyatsiz

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bo'lishini belgilamasa kerak.

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Ushbu ikki dalilga asosan,

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sizda to'lash uchun
rag'bat bo'lmaydi.

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Oqibatda faqat ikki vaziyat
yuzaga kelishi mumkin.

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Yoki to'lovchi boshqa odamlar soni
yetarli bo'ladi va siz himoyalanasiz,

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yoki to'lovchi boshqa odamlar
soni kam bo'lib,

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siz himoyalanmaysiz.

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Ikkala holatda ham sizning
to'lash yoki to'lamasliginsiz

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sizda himoya borligini belgilamaydi.

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Bu esa tekinxo'rlikni rag'batlantiradi –

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haqini to'lamasdan himoyaga ega bo'lish.

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Ammo juda ko'p odam tekinxo'rlik qilsa,

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unda asteroid himoyasiga mablag' yetmaydi,

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hech kim himoya olmaydi va
bozor muvaffaqiyatsizligi yuzaga keladi.

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Muayyan turdagi mahsulot va xizmatlar

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tekinxo'rlik muammosiga sabab bo'ladi.

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Biz ularni «jamoat mollari» deb ataymiz.

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[quvnoq musiqa sadosi]

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Jamoat mollari to'g'risida ko'proq o'rganishni
istasangiz, quyidagi linkka bosing.

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Yoki tekinxo'rlik muammosi bo'yicha
bilimingizni sinamoqchi bo'lsangiz,

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ushbu linkka bosing.

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[quvnoq musiqa sadosi]

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Yana davomi kerakmi?

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Boshqa qiziqarli videolar uchun
Marginal Revolution University websaytiga tashrif buyuring.

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[quvnoq musiqa sadosi]