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1833-yilda Uilyam Foster Loyd
umumiy yaylovlar to'g'risida

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ajablanarli narsani sezib qoldi.

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Boshqacha qilib aytganda, umumiy
yaylovlarning egasi bo'lmaydi

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va ulardan barcha foydalanishi mumkin.

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U umumiy yaylovlarng ahvoli

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egasi bor yaylovlarning ahvolidan
ancha yomonligini sezdi.

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Nega?

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Chunki ushbu yaylovlardan
foydalangan odamlarning

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qisqa-muddatli manfaatlari tufayli
haddan ko'p resurslar ishlatilib,

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uzoq muddatda hammaga
zarar olib kelardi.

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Jorj o'zidan so'rardi: «Yana
chorva olishim kerakmi?»

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U olishga qaror qilardi, chunki
shunda u ko'proq pul ishlab topardi.

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U yaylovdan suiiste'mol
qilayotganligini bilardi,

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lekin unga farqi yo'q edi –
unga qo'shimcha pul kerak edi.

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Muammo shundaki, hamma ham
unga o'xshab ish tutgan.

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Natijada yaylov haddan tashqari
suiiste'mol qilinib,

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yaroqsiz bo'lib qoldi.

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Ba'zilar qisqa muddatli foyda ko'rdilar,

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ammo uzoq muddatda barcha yutqazdi.

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Egasi bor yaylovlarga kelganda esa,

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bu holat takrorlanmadi, chunki ular
uchun mulklaridan oqilona foydalanish

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manfaatli edi.

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Bugungi kunda shunday holatlar
tez-tez sodir bo'lib turadi.

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Masalan, bunday holat
oldin treska balig'ining

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katta makoni bo'lgan Nyufaundlandning
O'lkan Sohillarining [Grand Banks]

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baliqchilik yerlarida sodir bo'lgan.

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Ammo 50 yillar oldin

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texnologiya odamlarga oldingidan ko'ra
ko'proq baliq ovlashga imkon yaratdi.

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Baliq soni, demak baliqchilik sanoati,
90-yillarga kelib barbod bo'ldi

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va hech qachon qayta
tiklanmasligi mumkin.

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Odamlar hamma narsaga:
yer sharining okeanlari va

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atmosferasining ifloslantirishdan tortib
to ish soatlari yo'l-harakati

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tirbandligini keltirib chiqarishga
ham shunday munosabatdadir.



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Buning oqibati –
umumiy resurslar fojiasi.