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Singan deraza anglashilmovchiligi

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Tabiiy ofatlar, terroristik
hujumlar va urushlar

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bitta umumiy xususiyatga ega:

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ular juda katta talofot yetkazadi.

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Lekin har safar
tabiiy ofat,

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yoki terroristik hujum,

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yoki urush sodir bo'lganda,

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«oyning yarmi yoruq»
deydiganlar albatta topiladi.

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Ularga ko'ra bu iqtisodiyot uchun foydali,
chunki yangi ish o'rinlari yaratiladi.

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Tabiiy ofat, terroristik hujum,
yoki urush sodir bo'lganda,

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vayron bo'lgan narsalarni tiklash
uchun mablag' sarflashimizga to'g'ri keladi.

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Bu «singan deraza anglashilmovchiligi»ga
misoldir.

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Bu anglashilmovchilikni Frederik Bastia
o'zining XIX asr boshlarida yozgan

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«Nima ko'rinadi yoki ko'rinmaydi»

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asarida tushuntirib bergan.

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Uning asosiy ma'nosi — vayronalik
farovonlikka eltmaydi.

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Vayronalik farovonlikni barbod qiladi.

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Do'kon egasini tasavvur qiling.

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Do'konning deraza oynasi bor.

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Qayerdandir bir bola keladida,
deraza oynasiga qarata tosh otadi.

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Deraza oynasi sinib, singan
bo'laklari har yoqqa sochiladi.

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Do'kon egasining ta'bi xira bo'ladi.
Nega? Chunki uning deraza oynasi sindi.

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U oyna soluvchi ustani chaqirib,

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yangi oyna qo'ydirish uchun
unga pul to'lashi kerak.

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Kimdir kelib sizga:
«Hechqisi yo'q,

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bu kim uchundir ish yaratganidan
xursand bo'lishingiz kerak»,

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deb aytishi mumkin.

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«Siz yangi oyna uchun pul sarflaysiz.

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Oyna soluvchi usta bundan daromad topadi.

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Keyin u shu pulni restoranda sarflashi mumkin.

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Yoki u yangi kiyim-kechak sotib olishi mumkin.

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U pulni o'ziga yoqqan narsalarga
sarflashi mumkin.

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Bu boshqalar uchun ish yaratadi.

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Bu pul aylanib, shu bola

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derazaga tosh otgani

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ortidan hammamiz ozroq boyiymiz.

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Biz bor yo'g'i deraza oynasini
almashtirdik xolos».

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Keling, bir o'ylab
ko'raylik, agar shu

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rostdan ham yaxshi fikr bo'lsa,

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unda qaysi siyosiy strategiyadan
foydalanish kerak?

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Mulk va boshqa narsalar

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vayron qilinishining
oldini olish o'rniga

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biz tosh bilan qurollangan
bolalar to'dasini yollab,

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ularga derazalarni
sindirishni yoki boshqa

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mulklarni vayron qilishni
aytishimiz kerak.

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Nega deganda, agar bular qo'shimcha
xarajatni talab qilsa,

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bu daromadimizni va, o'z navbatida,
farovonligimizni oshiradi.

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Bu yo'l farovonlikka eltadi.

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Narsalarni sindirish, ularni vayron qilish,

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keyin ularni almashtirish
uchun mablag' sarflash.

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Bunday fikr yuritganda
biz diqqatimizni faqat

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bizga ko'rinadigan
narsalarga qaratamiz,

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bizga ko'rinmaydigan narsalarni
esa hisobga olmaymiz.

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Agar do'kon egasiga deraza oynasini
almashtirish zarur bo'lmaganda edi,

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u mablag'ni nimaga sarflashi
mumkinligi bizga qorong'u.

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Balkim, u kostyum sotib olardi.

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Bu tikuvchiga daromad
olish imkoniyatini yaratardi.

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Tikuvchi pulni boshqa biror
narsaga sarflashi mumkin edi.

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U oziq-ovqat xarid qilishi mumkin edi.

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Bu oziq-ovqat do'koni egasiga
daromad olish imkoniyatini berardi.

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Balkim, u mablag'ni tejar edi.

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Keyin u mablag'ni boshqa kimgadir yangi

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biznes faoliyati yuritish uchun
qarz qilib berishi mumkin edi.

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Yoki u mablag'ni boshqa maqsadlar uchun

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sarflashi va bu boshqalar uchun
ish o'rinlari yaratishi mumkin edi.

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Deraza oynasi esa hali ham
butun bo'lar edi.

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Agar deraza oynasi sinmaganda edi,
bu qo'shimcha faoliyatlar

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manfaat keltirgan va

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keltirishda davom
etavergan bo'lar edi.

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Jamini solishtirganda, jamiyatda
bir dona deraza oynasi kamayadi.

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Biz har safar resurslarni
yo'q qilganimizda,

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biz boylik yaratmasdan

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narsalarga qiron
yetkazgan bo'lamiz.

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Vayronalik emas, balki ishlab
chqarish farovonlikka

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olib kelishini yodda
tutishimiz darkor.